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http://htxt.it/QGaz Democracy in Pakistan 1. Introduction 2. Professed Values and Operational Realities 3. Pakistan’s political history a. Civilian political government: August 1947-October 1958 December 1971-July 1977 b. Direct Military Rule: October 1958-June 1962 March 1969-December1971 July 1977-December 1985 October 1999-November 2002 c. Selective use of Democracy by the Military (Post-military rule) June 1962-March 1969 March 1985-November 1988 d. Military’s influence from the sidelines on policy making under civilian governments December 1988-October 1999 e. Military’s direct involvement in power management after the end of military rule; constitutional and legal role for the military 4. Historical Overview 5. The Musharraf Model 6. Problems of Democracy a. Institutional Imbalance b. Bureaucracy c. Role of various civilian and military intelligence agencies d. Indian Element e. US Intervention and Afghanistan War f. Soviet War g. Balochistan Issue 7. How a democratic state can be attained? a. Political Consensus-building b. Political Parties and Leadership c. Islam and Politics d. Military Rule and Constitutional and Political Engineering 8. Conclusion